Yuanwu Keqin

Yuanwu Keqin (1063–1135), born into the Le family in Pengzhou, Sichuan, was a Han Chinese Chan monk who gained prominence for compiling the *Blue Cliff Record*. Despite his family's Confucian education, Yuanwu embraced the Buddhist monastic life, entering Miaoji Monastery. He completed his formal studies under Wuzu Fayan in his forties. Yuanwu was known for his involvement in literati circles. He belonged to the Linji school and was the teacher of Dahui Zonggao, who later introduced the Hua Tou practice. Starting in 1112, Yuanwu began lecturing on the *One Hundred Old Cases and Verses* by Xuedou Zhongxian, which eventually became the *Blue Cliff Record*. This work provides clear guidance on the proper approach to kōan practice, with Yuanwu meticulously annotating the verses to elucidate their complex symbolism and allusions to Chan history and Chinese literature. The *Blue Cliff Record* became so popular that, according to Chan tradition, Dahui Zonggao destroyed all available copies and printing blocks.