Yi Hwang

Yi Hwang (1501–1570) was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon period. He is considered the most important philosopher of Korea, honored by having his portrait printed on the 1000 South Korean won banknote. He was a prominent figure of the Neo-Confucian literati, founding the Yeongnam School and establishing the Dosan Seowon, a private Confucian academy. Yi Hwang is widely known by his art name, Toegye, meaning "Retreating Creek". His courtesy name was Gyeongho. His interpretation of Neo-Confucianism, particularly his emphasis on the principle of 'i' (li) over 'gi' (qi), significantly influenced philosophical thought not only in Korea but also in Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. His seminal work, "Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning", is a testament to his pedagogical approach, aiming to guide rulers towards sagehood through a series of diagrams and commentaries. Throughout his life, Yi Hwang navigated a complex political landscape, holding various government positions but often retreating to scholarly pursuits, demonstrating a lifelong commitment to intellectual and spiritual cultivation.