Yang Chu

Yang Zhu, also known as Yangzi (Master Yang), was a Chinese philosopher during the Warring States period (440–c.360 BC). He founded the philosophical school of Yangism and is recognized as an early proponent of ethical egoism, presenting a distinct perspective from Mohist and Confucian traditions. Yang Zhu's philosophies, primarily appearing in texts like the Huainanzi, Lüshi Chunqiu, and Mengzi, emphasize self-preservation ('weiwo') and the pursuit of individual contentment. His views on life suggest a focus on living fully in the present, finding happiness in simple pleasures, and avoiding unnecessary suffering or striving. He believed that death is a natural part of life and should be accepted without fear or excessive ceremony. Despite facing criticism, particularly from Mencius, who viewed his ideas as detrimental to societal harmony, Yang Zhu's emphasis on individual well-being and natural living has resonated through philosophical discourse.