The Philosopher
Thomas Hobbes
The face
The background
- Nationality:
- English
- Schools:
- British empiricism, Classical realism, Corpuscularianism, Descriptive egoism, Determinism, English Renaissance, Materialism, Legal positivism, Natural law, Nominalism, social contract
- Branchs:
- Political philosophy, Social contract theory, Ethics, History, Geometry, Optics, Theology, Jurisprudence
- Period:
- 17th-century philosophy
The synopsis
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was a pivotal English philosopher and political theorist, primarily recognized for his seminal work, *Leviathan* (1651). This book laid out a foundational argument for social contract theory and the necessity of an absolute sovereign to maintain order and prevent a descent into a "state of nature" characterized by a "war of all against all." His philosophical system, deeply influenced by the scientific and political upheavals of his time, including the English Civil War, presented a mechanistic view of the universe and human nature. Hobbes's contributions extended beyond political philosophy to encompass history, jurisprudence, geometry, optics, and theology. Despite facing significant controversy and accusations of atheism, his rigorous methodology and profound insights into human nature and governance significantly shaped the trajectory of Western political thought.
The works
Elements of Law, Natural and Politic
De Cive
Leviathan
De Corpore
Behemoth
History of the Peloponnesian War (translation)
The quotes
Curiosity is the lust of the mind.
Fear of things invisible in the natural seed of that which everyone in himself calleth religion.
The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.
The Papacy is not other than the Ghost of the deceased Roman Empire, sitting crowned upon the grave thereof.
Words are the money of fools.
Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues.
He that is taken and put into prison or chains is not conquered, though overcome; for he is still an enemy.
The flesh endures the storms of the present alone; the mind, those of the past and future as well as the present. Gluttony is a lust of the mind.
The secret thoughts of a man run over all things, holy, profane, clean, obscene, grave, and light, without shame or blame.
Understanding is nothing else than conception caused by speech.
Sudden glory is the passion which maketh those grimaces called laughter.
That a man be willing, when others are so too, as far forth as for peace and defense of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things; and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himself.
A man's conscience and his judgment is the same thing; and as the judgment, so also the conscience, may be erroneous.
All generous minds have a horror of what are commonly called 'Facts'. They are the brute beasts of the intellectual domain.
War consisteth not in battle only, or the act of fighting; but in a tract of time, wherein the will to contend by battle is sufficiently known.
Prudence is but experience, which equal time, equally bestows on all men, in those things they equally apply themselves unto.
Science is the knowledge of consequences, and dependence of one fact upon another.
I put for the general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death.
When all the world is overcharged with inhabitants, then the last remedy of all is war, which provideth for every man, by victory or death.
It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law.
Such is the nature of men, that howsoever they may acknowledge many others to be more witty, or more eloquent, or more learned; yet they will hardly believe there be many so wise as themselves.
In the state of nature profit is the measure of right.
Leisure is the Mother of Philosophy.
A wise man should so write (though in words understood by all men) that wise men only should be able to commend him.
Such truth, as opposeth no man's profit, nor pleasure, is to all men welcome.
There is no such thing as perpetual tranquillity of mind while we live here; because life itself is but motion, and can never be without desire, nor without fear, no more than without sense.
The disembodied spirit is immortal; there is nothing of it that can grow old or die. But the embodied spirit sees death on the horizon as soon as its day dawns.
The privilege of absurdity; to which no living creature is subject, but man only.
Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden conception of some eminency in ourselves, by comparison with the infirmity of others, or with our own formerly.
The obligation of subjects to the sovereign is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasteth by which he is able to protect them.
I am about to take my last voyage, a great leap in the dark.
The right of nature... is the liberty each man hath to use his own power, as he will himself, for the preservation of his own nature; that is to say, of his own life.
During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that conditions called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man.
The praise of ancient authors proceeds not from the reverence of the dead, but from the competition and mutual envy of the living.
No man's error becomes his own Law; nor obliges him to persist in it.
They that approve a private opinion, call it opinion; but they that dislike it, heresy; and yet heresy signifies no more than private opinion.
A man cannot lay down the right of resisting them that assault him by force, to take away his life.