Peter Olivi

Peter John Olivi (1248–1298) was a French Franciscan theologian and philosopher, born in Sérignan and entering the Friars Minor at Béziers at age twelve. He studied at Montpellier and Paris, and later taught philosophy and scripture. His views on Franciscan poverty, specifically the concept of *usus pauper* (poor use), made him a central figure in the debates of the Spiritual Franciscans, though they also led to controversy and posthumous condemnation of some of his teachings by the Church. He authored numerous works, including commentaries on the Bible, theological treatises, and a significant work on contracts and economic ethics, demonstrating a balanced approach to practical matters. His thought on the Bible, particularly the Apocalypse, showed unique interpretations, including a focus on its Jewish qualities and a vision of Jewish-Gentile reunion. Despite veneration by his followers, his writings were ordered burned by a General Chapter and later some sentences were condemned by Pope John XXII. He died in Narbonne.