Nicole Oresme

Nicole Oresme (c. 1320–1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, was a French philosopher, economist, mathematician, physicist, astrologer, astronomer, theologian, and Catholic bishop. He was one of the most influential thinkers of the 14th century and a key figure in the transition from medieval to modern thought. Oresme studied at the College of Navarre in Paris and later became its Grand Master. He received his doctorate in theology in 1356. He was appointed Dean of the Cathedral of Rouen in 1364 and became Bishop of Lisieux in 1377. Oresme's scientific work included important contributions to mathematics, such as the development of a system resembling rectangular coordinates and the first proof of the divergence of the harmonic series. In physics, he discussed the rotation of the Earth and the propagation of light and sound. He also critiqued astrology and developed theories on local motion. In economics, his treatise on money was highly regarded for its insights into the nature and value of currency. Oresme also translated Aristotle's works into French, contributing to the dissemination of classical thought. His political thought favored monarchy but emphasized the common good and the importance of law.