The Philosopher
Mao Zedong
The face
The background
- Nationality:
- Chinese
- Schools:
- Maoism
- Period:
- 20th century
The synopsis
Mao Zedong was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, writer, political theorist and the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC). He led China from the PRC's establishment in October 1949 until his death in September 1976, primarily through his role as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). His theories, which he advocated as a Chinese adaptation of Marxism–Leninism, are known as Maoism. Born to a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao studied in Changsha and was influenced by the 1911 Revolution and ideas of Chinese nationalism and anti-imperialism. He was introduced to Marxism while working as a librarian at Peking University, and later participated in the May Fourth Movement of 1919. In 1921, Mao became a founding member of the CCP. After the start of the Chinese Civil War, he helped build the Chinese Red Army, and developed a strategy of guerilla warfare. In 1935, Mao became leader of the CCP during the Long March, a military retreat to the Yan'an Soviet in Shaanxi. The CCP allied with the Kuomintang (KMT) in 1937, but the civil war resumed after Japan's surrender in 1945. He defeated the Nationalist government, which withdrew to the island of Taiwan in 1949. He led land redistribution and industrialisation campaigns, suppressed political opponents, and intervened in the Korean War. From 1958 to 1962, Mao oversaw the Great Leap Forward, a campaign that aimed to collectivise agriculture and industrialise the country, followed by the Great Chinese Famine. In 1966, Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, which was marked by violent class struggle, destruction of historical artifacts, and Mao's cult of personality. Mao died in 1976. China under his leadership has been described as a totalitarian regime which resulted in tens of millions of deaths, mainly through famine, as well as political persecution, prison labor, and executions. He is credited with transforming China from a semi-colony into a major world power and promoting literacy, women's rights, basic healthcare, education, and an increased life expectancy. He is recognized for his role in ending imperialism and consolidating the state in China. Mao was influential in the international communist movement, inspiring various Maoist organisations.
The works
On Practice
On Contradiction
On Guerrilla Warfare
On Protracted War
On New Democracy
On the Ten Major Relationships
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People
Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
The quotes
Politics is war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed.
The guerrilla must move amongst the people as a fish swims in the sea.
To read too many books is harmful.
Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend.
I voted for you during your last election.
Learn from the masses, and then teach them.
The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.
We shall heal our wounds, collect our dead and continue fighting.
Enable every woman who can work to take her place on the labour front, under the principle of equal pay for equal work.
Swollen in head, weak in legs, sharp in tongue but empty in belly.
The cardinal responsibility of leadership is to identify the dominant contradiction at each point of the historical process and to work out a central line to resolve it.
Political work is the life-blood of all economic work.
All reactionaries are paper tigers.
Let a hundred flowers bloom.
A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery.
Despise the enemy strategically, but take him seriously tactically.
The differences between friends cannot but reinforce their friendship.
In general, any form of exercise, if pursued continuously, will help train us in perseverance. Long-distance running is particularly good training in perseverance.
We think too small, like the frog at the bottom of the well. He thinks the sky is only as big as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.
The atom bomb is a paper tiger which the United States reactionaries use to scare people. It looks terrible, but in fact it isn't.
Weapons are an important factor in war, but not the decisive one; it is man and not materials that counts.
If you want to know the taste of a pear, you must change the pear by eating it yourself. If you want to know the theory and methods of revolution, you must take part in revolution. All genuine knowledge originates in direct experience.
Once all struggle is grasped, miracles are possible.
Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are eliminated. Such is history; such is the history of civilization for thousands of years.
In waking a tiger, use a long stick.
Genuine equality between the sexes can only be realized in the process of the socialist transformation of society as a whole.
Investigation may be likened to the long months of pregnancy, and solving a problem to the day of birth. To investigate a problem is, indeed, to solve it.
An army without culture is a dull-witted army, and a dull-witted army cannot defeat the enemy.
There is in fact no such thing as art for art's sake, art that stands above classes, art that is detached from or independent of politics. Proletarian literature and art are part of the whole proletarian revolutionary cause.
I have witnessed the tremendous energy of the masses. On this foundation it is possible to accomplish any task whatsoever.
Communism is not love. Communism is a hammer which we use to crush the enemy.
Women hold up half the sky.
In time of difficulties, we must not lose sight of our achievements.
Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.
War can only be abolished through war, and in order to get rid of the gun it is necessary to take up the gun.
Passivity is fatal to us. Our goal is to make the enemy passive.
Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting the progress of the arts and the sciences and a flourishing culture in our land.
There is a serious tendency toward capitalism among the well-to-do peasants.
People like me sound like a lot of big cannons.