The Philosopher
Karl Jaspers
The face
The background
- Nationality:
- German-Swiss
- Branchs:
- Psychiatry, Philosophy, Theology, Psychology, Philosophy of history
- Period:
- 20th-century philosophy
The synopsis
Karl Theodor Jaspers (1883–1969) was a prominent German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher whose work left a significant mark on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy. Born in Oldenburg, Germany, Jaspers initially pursued a medical career, earning his doctorate in medicine and specializing in psychiatry. His 1913 work, *General Psychopathology*, became a foundational text, influencing diagnostic criteria and introducing concepts like the distinction between the form and content of psychiatric symptoms. Dissatisfied with the prevailing approaches to mental illness, Jaspers transitioned to philosophy in 1921, seeking to develop his own philosophical system. He is often associated with existentialism, though he resisted the label, drawing inspiration from thinkers like Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. His philosophy explored themes of individual freedom, transcendence, and the limitations of empirical knowledge, leading to concepts such as *Existenz* and the *Axial Age*. During the Nazi regime, Jaspers faced severe professional and personal challenges due to his marriage to a Jewish woman, Gertrude Mayer. He was forced to retire from teaching and faced publication bans. Despite this, he continued his work, supported by friends. After World War II, he moved to Basel, Switzerland, where he continued to teach and write until his death. His later work addressed issues of German guilt following the war and the threats posed by modern technological and political institutions to human freedom. Jaspers's influence extended beyond philosophy and psychiatry, impacting theological discussions and public discourse on responsibility and historical memory.
The works
General Psychopathology
Philosophy
The Question of German Guilt
Philosophy of Existence
Strindberg and Van Gogh
Reason and Existenz
Way to Wisdom
Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jesus
Philosophy Is for Everyman
Man in the Modern Age
The Origin and Goal of History
Nietzsche: An Introduction to the Understanding of His Philosophical Activity
The quotes
Only then, approaching my fortieth birthday, I made philosophy my life's work.
Only as an individual can man become a philosopher.
The community of masses of human beings has produced an order of life in regulated channels which connects individuals in a technically functioning organisation, but not inwardly from the historicity of their souls.
The history of philosophy is not, like the history of the sciences, to be studied with the intellect alone. That which is receptive in us and that which impinges upon us from history is the reality of man's being, unfolding itself in thought.
The study of law left me unsatisfied, because I did not know the aspects of life which it serves. I perceived only the intricate mental juggling with fictions that did not interest me.
Reason is like an open secret that can become known to anyone at any time; it is the quiet space into which everyone can enter through his own thought.
As a universal history of philosophy, the history of philosophy must become one great unity.
My own being can be judged by the depths I reach in making these historical origins my own.
The great philosophers and the great works are standards for the selection of what is essential. Everything that we do in studying the history of philosophy ultimately serves their better understanding.
I discovered that the study of past philosophers is of little use unless our own reality enters into it. Our reality alone allows the thinker's questions to become comprehensible.
At the present moment, the security of coherent philosophy, which existed from Parmenides to Hegel, is lost.
Everything depends therefore on encountering thought at its source. Such thought is the reality of man's being, which achieved consciousness and understanding of itself through it.
Philosophy as practice does not mean its restriction to utility or applicability, that is, to what serves morality or produces serenity of soul.
The more determinedly I exist, as myself, within the conditions of the time, the more clearly I shall hear the language of the past, the nearer I shall feel the glow of its life.
To decide to become a philosopher seemed as foolish to me as to decide to become a poet.
If philosophy is practice, a demand to know the manner in which its history is to be studied is entailed: a theoretical attitude toward it becomes real only in the living appropriation of its contents from the texts.
Even scientific knowledge, if there is anything to it, is not a random observation of random objects; for the critical objectivity of significant knowledge is attained as a practice only philosophically in inner action.
Philosophy can only be approached with the most concrete comprehension.
I began the study of medicine, impelled by a desire for knowledge of facts and of man. The resolution to do disciplined work tied me to both laboratory and clinic for a long time to come.
Philosophy is tested and characterised by the way in which it appropriates its history.