John of Paris

John of Paris (c. 1255–1306), born Jean Quidort, was a prominent French philosopher, theologian, and Dominican friar. He was educated at the Convent of St. James in Paris, where he later taught philosophy and theology, earning the degree of Master of Theology. Renowned for his intellect, linguistic skills, and subtle dialectical abilities, he was considered a leading theologian of his time. His most noted work, *De potestate regia et papali*, written during the dispute between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France, argued for the supremacy of the king's power in temporal affairs over the Pope's. This stance made him a significant figure in medieval political thought. John also faced accusations of heresy for his views on transubstantiation, particularly in his treatise *De modo existendi corporis Christi in sacramento altaris*. He questioned whether the doctrine was a matter of faith and suggested alternative explanations for the presence of Christ's body in the Eucharist. The faculty of the University of Paris reported him to the Bishop of Paris, who prohibited him from defending these views. John appealed to the Holy See, but he died in Bordeaux before the case could be resolved. Several of his works exist in manuscript, while others were printed posthumously. He is also sometimes credited with *Contra corruptorem Sancti Thomae*, though this attribution is debated. His writings cover theology, physics, and metaphysics, showcasing his broad erudition.