The Philosopher
Jean Jacques Rousseau
The face
The background
- Nationality:
- Genevan
- Branchs:
- Political philosophy, Music, Education, Literature
- Period:
- Age of Enlightenment
The synopsis
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy profoundly influenced the development of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the advancement of modern political, economic, and educational thought.
Rousseau's "Discourse on Inequality", arguing private property as the source of inequality, and "The Social Contract", outlining the basis for a legitimate political order, are cornerstones in modern political and social thought. His sentimental novel "Julie, or the New Heloise" (1761) was significant in the development of preromanticism and romanticism in fiction. His "Emile, or On Education" (1762) is an educational treatise on the place of the individual in society. Rousseau's autobiographical writings—the posthumously published "Confessions" (completed in 1770), which initiated the modern autobiography, and the unfinished "Reveries of the Solitary Walker" (composed 1776–1778)—exemplified the late 18th-century "Age of Sensibility", and featured an increased focus on subjectivity and introspection that later characterized modern writing.
The works
Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men
Julie, or the New Heloise
Emile, or On Education
The Social Contract
Confessions
Reveries of the Solitary Walker
The quotes
Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.
People who know little are usually great talkers, while men who know much say little.
Ordinary readers, forgive my paradoxes: one must make them when one reflects; and whatever you may say, I prefer being a man with paradoxes than a man with prejudices.
Falsehood has an infinity of combinations, but truth has only one mode of being.
When something an affliction happens to you, you either let it defeat you, or you defeat it.
Reading, solitude, idleness, a soft and sedentary life, intercourse with women and young people, these are perilous paths for a young man, and these lead him constantly into danger.
The first step towards vice is to shroud innocent actions in mystery, and whoever likes to conceal something sooner or later has reason to conceal it.
Although modesty is natural to man, it is not natural to children. Modesty only begins with the knowledge of evil.
O love, if I regret the age when one savors you, it is not for the hour of pleasure, but for the one that follows it.
To endure is the first thing that a child ought to learn, and that which he will have the most need to know.
Our will is always for our own good, but we do not always see what that is.
Gratitude is a duty which ought to be paid, but which none have a right to expect.
No true believer could be intolerant or a persecutor. If I were a magistrate and the law carried the death penalty against atheists, I would begin by sending to the stake whoever denounced another.
Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains.
I may be no better, but at least I am different.
We are born, so to speak, twice over; born into existence, and born into life; born a human being, and born a man.
I long remained a child, and I am still one in many respects.
The body politic, as well as the human body, begins to die as soon as it is born, and carries itself the causes of its destruction.
Happiness: a good bank account, a good cook, and a good digestion.
We are born weak, we need strength; helpless, we need aid; foolish, we need reason. All that we lack at birth, all that we need when we come to man's estate, is the gift of education.
Free people, remember this maxim: we may acquire liberty, but it is never recovered if it is once lost.
It is unnatural for a majority to rule, for a majority can seldom be organized and united for specific action, and a minority can.
The training of children is a profession, where we must know how to waste time in order to save it.
However great a man's natural talent may be, the act of writing cannot be learned all at once.
Religious persecutors are not believers, they are rascals.
Do I dare set forth here the most important, the most useful rule of all education? It is not to save time, but to squander it.