Ibn Arabi

Ibn Arabi (1165–1240) was a Sunni Muslim Arab scholar, Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher from al-Andalus, who exercised notable influence within Sufi metaphysics and Islamic thought in general. There are 850 works attributed to Ibn Arabi, though only 700 of these are considered authentic, and only 400 are extant. His cosmological teachings became a dominant intellectual framework in many regions of the Muslim world. His traditional title was Muḥyiddīn (lit. 'The Reviver of Religion'). After his death, practitioners of Sufism began referring to him by the honorific title Shaykh al-Akbar (lit. 'The Greatest Shaykh'), from which the term Akbarism is derived. Ibn ʿArabī is considered a wali (saint) by some scholars and Muslim communities. Ibn 'Arabī is known for being the first person to explicitly delineate the concept of wahdat al-wujūd (unity of existence), a monist doctrine that claimed that all things in the universe are manifestations of a singular reality. Ibn 'Arabī equated this reality with the entity he called "the Absolute" (*al-wujūd al-muṭlaq*, "the Absolute Existence").