Guan Zhong

Guan Zhong (c. 720–645 BC), whose given name was Yiwu, was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He served as chancellor and was a reformer of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. He is mainly remembered for his reforms as chancellor under Duke Huan of Qi, as well as his friendship with his colleague Bao Shuya. Through Guan Zhong's reforms and skilful diplomacy, Qi became the most powerful of the feudal states and Duke Huan became the first of the Five Hegemons. His reforms included a fiscal policy known as "balancing the light and the heavy", associated with salt and iron monopolies. He is considered by some to be an early proponent of Legalist philosophy. Despite some criticisms regarding his personal lifestyle, his contributions to governance and state strength were significant.