The Philosopher
Abraham Maslow
The face
The background
- Nationality:
- American
- Schools:
- Behaviorism
- Period:
- 20th century
The synopsis
Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. He was a psychology professor at Cornell University, Brooklyn College, Brandeis University, The New School for Social Research, and Columbia University. Maslow stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a "bag of symptoms." He was ranked as the tenth most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, Maslow was the oldest of seven children of Jewish immigrants from Kyiv, Ukraine. He developed a strong revulsion towards his mother and grew up with few friends, spending his time in libraries. He attended the City College of New York, transferred to Cornell University, and then graduated from City College before attending graduate school at the University of Wisconsin to study psychology. He married his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, in 1928. Maslow's early research was experimental-behaviorist, but he later developed humanistic psychology, emphasizing the potential for personal growth and healing. His work introduced concepts like the hierarchy of needs, metamotivation, self-actualizing persons, and peak experiences. He was inspired by mentors like Harry Harlow, Alfred Adler, Ruth Benedict, and Max Wertheimer. After World War II, Maslow questioned existing psychological conclusions and began developing his own ideas, calling his new discipline humanistic psychology. He considered himself a psychological pioneer, pushing future psychologists to explore different paths. He believed leadership should be non-intervening and rejected a nomination for president of the Association for Humanistic Psychology because he felt the organization should develop without a leader. Maslow had a severe heart attack and died on June 8, 1970, at the age of 62 in Menlo Park, California. His work has influenced various therapies and continues to be studied in psychology.
The works
A theory of human motivation
Motivation and Personality
Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences
Eupsychian Management
The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance
Toward a Psychology of Being
The Farther Reaches of Human Nature
Future Visions: The Unpublished Papers of Abraham Maslow
Personality and Growth: A Humanistic Psychologist in the Classroom
The quotes
The ability to be in the present moment is a major component of mental wellness.
If you only have a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.
Education can become a self-fulfilling activity, liberating in and of itself.
If I were dropped out of a plane into the ocean and told the nearest land was a thousand miles away, I'd still swim. And I'd despise the one who gave up.
Being a full human being is difficult, frightening, and problematical.
All the evidence that we have indicates that it is reasonable to assume in practically every human being, and certainly in almost every newborn baby, that there is an active will toward health, an impulse towards growth, or towards the actualization.
But behavior in the human being is sometimes a defense, a way of concealing motives and thoughts, as language can be a way of hiding your thoughts and preventing communication.
Dispassionate objectivity is itself a passion, for the real and for the truth.
Rioting is a childish way of trying to be a man, but it takes time to rise out of the hell of hatred and frustration and accept that to be a man you don't have to riot.
Good psychology should include all the methodological techniques, without having loyalty to one method, one idea, or one person.
Marriage is a school itself. Also, having children. Becoming a father changed my whole life. It taught me as if by revelation.
If I were a Negro, I'd be fighting, as Martin Luther King fought, for human recognition and justice. I'd rather go down with my flag flying. If you're weak or crippled, or you can't speak out or fight back in some way, then people don't hesitate to treat you badly.
A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself.
The story of the human race is the story of men and women selling themselves short.
The fact is that people are good, Give people affection and security, and they will give affection and be secure in their feelings and their behavior.
One's only rival is one's own potentialities. One's only failure is failing to live up to one's own possibilities. In this sense, every man can be a king, and must therefore be treated like a king.
With a tree, all the growth takes place at the growing tips. Humanity is exactly the same. All the growth takes place in the growing tip: among that one percent of the population. It's made up of pioneers, the beginners. That's where the action is.
What a man can be, he must be. This need we call self-actualization.
What is necessary to change a person is to change his awareness of himself.
If you plan on being anything less than you are capable of being, you will probably be unhappy all the days of your life.
I'm someone who likes plowing new ground, then walking away from it. I get bored easily. For me, the big thrill comes with the discovering.
It is as necessary for man to live in beauty rather than ugliness as it is necessary for him to have food for an aching belly or rest for a weary body.
We fear to know the fearsome and unsavory aspects of ourselves, but we fear even more to know the godlike in ourselves.
Work is that which you dislike doing but perform for the sake of external rewards. At school, this takes the form of grades. In society, it means money, status, privilege.
A first-rate soup is more creative than a second-rate painting.
You can see neurosis from below - as a sickness - as most psychiatrists see it. Or you can understand it as a compassionate man might: respecting the neurosis as a fumbling and inefficient effort toward good ends.
Classic economic theory, based as it is on an inadequate theory of human motivation, could be revolutionized by accepting the reality of higher human needs, including the impulse to self actualization and the love for the highest values.
The science of psychology has been far more successful on the negative than on the positive side... It has revealed to us much about man's shortcomings, his illnesses, his sins, but little about his potentialities, his virtues, his achievable aspirations, or his psychological health.
If you think only of evil, then you become pessimistic and hopeless like Freud. But if you think there is no evil, then you're just one more deluded Pollyanna.
Human nature is not nearly as bad as it has been thought to be.
We may define therapy as a search for value.
I was awfully curious to find out why I didn't go insane.
What we need is a system of thought - you might even call it a religion - that can bind humans together. A system that would fit the Republic of Chad as well as the United States: a system that would supply our idealistic young people with something to believe in.
With my childhood, it's a wonder I'm not psychotic. I was the little Jewish boy in the non-Jewish neighborhood. It was a little like being the first Negro enrolled in the all-white school. I grew up in libraries and among books, without friends.